Major Sparks
To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer
Despite the obvious weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, they were the constitution of the United States and the states sent delegates to the Convention not to write a new Constitution but to consider possibly making changes in the Articles, even at that Rhode Island refused to send a delegationl, If the states had been aware the delegates would throw out the document many of them would not have sent delegates to the Convention.
I am hardly an admirer of Madison. But like a blind pig, he could occasionally find a truffle. His support for the Constitution in 1787 is definitely a high point for him. He would later betray Washington politically. Become a sycophantic follower of Jefferson. Author the Virginia Resolution that would be used to support the pernicious doctrine of states rights and provide intellectual support for the slavery faction in our nation. As Secretary of State and as President, he took part in the Jeffersonian effort to disarm America and lead our nation to near destruction in the War of 1812. Chastened by the effects of states rights on our nation he temporarily abandoned some of the evil ideas to support the foundation of the 2nd Bank of the United States, permanent army and high tariffs. But in old age with increasing senility he strongly supported those states rights concepts that have supported some of the greatest evils in American history.
But at his patriotic best what does he have to say in 1788 about the Necessary and Proper Clause:
‘Without the substance of this power, the whole Constitution would be a dead letter.”
On the impossibility of enumeration
“Had the convention attempted a positive enumeration of the powers necessary and proper for carrying their other powers into effect, the attempt would have involved a complete digest of laws on every subject to which the Constitution relates; accommodated too, not only to the existing state of things, but to all the possible changes which futurity may produce; for in every new application of a general power, the particular powers, which are the means of attaining the object of the general power, must always necessarily vary with that object, and be often properly varied whilst the object remains the same..”
On the relationship to the states
“In fine, the world would have seen, for the first time, a system of government founded on an inversion of the fundamental principles of all government; it would have seen the authority of the whole society every where subordinate to the authority of the parts; it would have seen a monster, in which the head was under the direction of the members.”
http://www.constitution.org/fed/federa44.htm